All of the following may be seen in anorexia nervosa, EXCEPT:
**Core Concept**
Anorexia nervosa is a complex eating disorder characterized by a distorted body image and an intense fear of gaining weight, leading to restrictive eating habits and significant weight loss. This condition is associated with various physiological, psychological, and behavioral abnormalities.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Anorexia nervosa is often accompanied by amenorrhea, which is the cessation of menstrual cycles. This is due to the significant weight loss and hormonal imbalances, particularly a decrease in estrogen levels. The hypothalamus, a region in the brain, plays a crucial role in regulating body weight and appetite, and in anorexia nervosa, it may be affected, leading to changes in appetite and metabolism.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** While bradycardia (slow heart rate) may be seen in anorexia nervosa due to malnutrition and dehydration, it is not the exception among the listed options.
**Option B:** Hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels) is not typically associated with anorexia nervosa; in fact, patients with anorexia nervosa may experience hypokalemia (low potassium levels) due to malnutrition and excessive vomiting or laxative use.
**Option C:** Hypophosphatemia (low phosphate levels) is a common electrolyte imbalance in anorexia nervosa, often resulting from malnutrition and increased excretion of phosphate due to vomiting or laxative use.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Anorexia nervosa is often associated with osteoporosis due to the significant loss of bone mass and density, which can be a long-term consequence of the condition.
**Correct Answer: B. Hyperkalemia**