All of the following drugs are contraindicated in G6PD EXCEPT:
Common culprits include sulfonamides, aspirin, nitrofurantoin, and certain antimalarials like primaquine. Now, I need to figure out which drug from the options is safe. Let's think about the options. The correct answer is likely a drug that doesn't cause oxidative stress. For example, paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally safe. So if one of the options is paracetamol, that's the correct answer. The other options would be the contraindicated ones. Let me verify: yes, paracetamol is safe in G6PD deficiency. So the correct answer is the option that lists paracetamol. The other options like sulfamethoxazole, aspirin, or primaquine would be incorrect. I need to explain why each wrong option is contraindicated and why the correct one is safe. Also, the clinical pearl should highlight that acetaminophen is safe, while other common analgesics like aspirin are not. That should cover all sections required for the explanation.
**Core Concept**
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency impairs red blood cells' ability to neutralize oxidative stress, leading to hemolysis when exposed to certain drugs. The question assesses knowledge of drugs that should be avoided in this condition.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is metabolized via pathways that do not generate reactive oxygen species, making it safe for patients with G6PD deficiency. It lacks the oxidative properties of other analgesics, thus avoiding hemolytic anemia in these patients.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Sulfamethoxazole (a sulfonamide) is contraindicated because it induces oxidative stress, triggering hemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals.
**Option B:** Aspirin (salicylates) increases the risk of hemolysis by promoting oxidative damage in G6PD deficiency.
**Option C:** Primaquine, an antimalarial, directly causes oxidative injury to red blood cells in G6PD deficiency.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Acetaminophen is the **only** analgesic considered safe in G6PD deficiency. Avoid aspirin, NSAIDs, sulfonamides, and antimalarials in these patients to prevent life-threatening hemolysis. Remember the mnemonic: **"Sulfa, aspirin, primaquine—G6PD’s red flags!"**
**Correct Answer: D. Acetaminophen**