All of the following decrease in Nephrotic syndrome except –
So, the question is about what decreases. In Nephrotic syndrome, the main issue is loss of proteins through the urine. Albumin is lost, leading to hypoalbuminemia. Other proteins like antithrombin III and complements (C3, C4) might also decrease because they're lost in the urine. However, something that increases would be the exception here.
The options aren't provided, but the correct answer is likely hyperlipidemia. Wait, no, hyperlipidemia is a feature, so it's increased. Wait, the question is asking which does not decrease. So if the options include things that normally decrease, the exception would be something that increases or stays the same.
Wait, let me think again. In Nephrotic syndrome, the loss of proteins in urine causes hypoalbuminemia. The body tries to compensate by increasing hepatic synthesis of albumin and other proteins. But certain proteins like antithrombin III, which are lost in the urine, decrease. However, lipids increase because the liver produces more lipoproteins. So hyperlipidemia is a feature, meaning lipid levels increase. Therefore, if an option is about hyperlipidemia, that's the one that doesn't decrease. But the options here are not given, so I need to structure the answer based on standard knowledge.
The correct answer in such questions is usually hyperlipidemia. So the explanation would be that while most proteins decrease, lipids increase. The other options would be things that decrease, like albumin, antithrombin III, etc. Each incorrect option should be explained why they decrease. The clinical pearl is to remember the classic triad and the paradoxical increase in lipids.
**Core Concept**
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by **heavy proteinuria (>3.5 g/day)**, **hypoalbuminemia**, **edema**, and **hyperlipidemia**. The loss of plasma proteins in urine disrupts oncotic pressure and metabolic pathways, while compensatory hepatic synthesis elevates certain lipids.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In nephrotic syndrome, **lipid levels (e.g., cholesterol, triglycerides) increase** due to enhanced hepatic synthesis of lipoproteins in response to hypoalbuminemia. This **hyperlipidemia** contrasts with the loss of other proteins like albumin and antithrombin III, making it the exception in the question.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** *Albumin decreases* due to glomerular protein loss exceeding hepatic replacement.
**Option B:** *Antithrombin III decreases*, contributing to a hypercoagulable state.
**Option C:** *Complement components (C3, C4) decrease* as they are filtered and lost in urine.
**Clinical Pearl**
Nephrotic syndrome’s hallmark lab findings are **3 Ds**: **Decreased albumin**, **Decreased ant