**Core Concept**
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a condition characterized by the abnormal bulging of the mitral valve leaflets into the left atrium during systole. This occurs due to the elongation or redundancy of the mitral valve leaflets, often associated with myxomatous degeneration.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Mitral valve prolapse is often asymptomatic but can be associated with mitral regurgitation, which is caused by the incomplete coaptation of the leaflets during systole. The prolapsing leaflets can also cause turbulence of blood flow, leading to the characteristic click sound and murmur. The mitral valve apparatus, including the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae, is often affected in MVP.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Mitral valve prolapse is indeed a common cause of mitral regurgitation. This option is incorrect because it is a true statement about MVP.

**Option B:** The mitral valve leaflets in MVP are often thickened and redundant, which can lead to incomplete coaptation and regurgitation. This option is incorrect because it describes a characteristic feature of MVP.

**Option C:** Mitral valve prolapse is not typically associated with aortic stenosis. This option is incorrect because MVP is not a direct cause of aortic stenosis.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A classic clinical feature of mitral valve prolapse is the presence of a mid-systolic click, often accompanied by a late systolic murmur. This is due to the prolapsing leaflets causing turbulence of blood flow.

**Correct Answer:** C. Mitral valve prolapse is not typically associated with aortic stenosis.