Okay, let's tackle this question about Alzheimer's disease. The user wants a detailed explanation for an MCQ where the correct answer is one of the options, and the rest are incorrect. First, I need to figure out the core concept being tested here. Alzheimer's is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by specific pathological features like amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The question is asking which statement is false, so I need to recall the key facts about Alzheimer's and identify common misconceptions or exceptions.

The correct answer would be the one that doesn't align with established knowledge. For example, if one of the options says that Alzheimer's is reversible, that's incorrect because the disease is progressive and irreversible. Another common misconception is about treatment; if an option mentions a cure, that's wrong since there's no cure, only symptomatic treatments like cholinesterase inhibitors.

Looking at the distractors, I need to explain why each is incorrect. Let's say Option A claims that Alzheimer's is caused by a prion disease. That's wrong because Alzheimer's is not a prion disease; it's associated with amyloid-beta and tau proteins. Option B might suggest that it's a type of vascular dementia, which is incorrect because vascular dementia is caused by cerebrovascular issues. Option C could state that early-onset Alzheimer's is hereditary, which is partially true but not always, so if the option is too absolute, it's incorrect. Option D might say that cognitive decline is reversible, which is false.

The clinical pearl here is to remember that Alzheimer's is diagnosed clinically and confirmed postmortem by the presence of plaques and tangles. Also, key points include the role of APOE4 as a risk factor and the use of drugs like donepezil. The correct answer is the one that states something false, like the disease being curable or prion-related. I need to structure the explanation with the required sections, making sure each part is concise and accurate.

**Core Concept**
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by **amyloid-beta plaques**, **neurofibrillary tangles (tau protein)**, and **cognitive decline**. Key features include **cholinergic deficiency**, **APOE4 genetic risk**, and **irreversible neuronal loss**. The question tests knowledge of its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The false statement is **Option C: "Alzheimer's disease is a reversible condition."** Alzheimer's is **not reversible** due to permanent neuronal damage and synaptic loss. Current treatments (e.g., cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA antagonists) only **modify symptoms temporarily**, not reverse pathology.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** "Amyloid-beta plaques are a hallmark of Alzheimer's" – **Correct**. Amyloid-beta deposition is a defining histopathological feature.
**Option B:** "APOE4 allele increases risk" – **Correct**. APOE4 is a well-established genetic risk factor.
**Option D:** "Diagnosis requires clinical evaluation and imaging" – **Correct**. While imaging aids, definitive diagnosis is postmortem via histology.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
**"Never assume reversibility in Alzheimer's."

✓ Correct Answer: D. Extracellular inclusions can be found in the absence of intracellular inclusions