All of the following are increased in Acute stress except
**Core Concept**
Acute stress triggers a complex physiological response involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, releasing stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. This response is essential for the body's immediate response to threats, but it also has significant effects on various bodily systems.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In acute stress, the body's "fight or flight" response is activated, leading to increased levels of cortisol, adrenaline, and other stress hormones. Cortisol, in particular, has a catabolic effect on protein metabolism, leading to increased glucose release from energy stores. Additionally, stress hormones cause vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure and heart rate. However, cortisol levels typically decrease during acute stress as the body adapts to the situation.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is not provided, so we'll address the other options.
* **Option B:** Incorrect because cortisol levels are typically decreased during acute stress.
* **Option C:** Incorrect because heart rate and blood pressure are increased during acute stress.
* **Option D:** Incorrect because glucose release from energy stores is increased during acute stress.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
During acute stress, the body's "fight or flight" response is activated, leading to increased levels of stress hormones. This response is essential for the body's immediate response to threats but can have negative effects if prolonged, such as disrupting glucose and lipid metabolism.
**Correct Answer:** B. Cortisol levels are typically decreased during acute stress.