All of the following are causes of ‘propoionate sho stature’ EXCEPT?
## Core Concept
The question pertains to the causes of proportionate short stature, which is a condition where an individual's height is below the expected range, but their body proportions remain normal. This condition can result from various factors, including genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right
Proportionate short stature refers to a condition where an individual is short but has a normal body proportion, i.e., the ratio of the limbs to the body trunk is normal. This condition often results from systemic diseases, genetic disorders, or hormonal imbalances that affect growth and development uniformly.
## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
- **Option A:** Achondroplasia is a cause of disproportionate short stature, characterized by short limbs compared to the body trunk, not proportionate short stature.
- **Option B:** Growth hormone deficiency can lead to proportionate short stature because it affects overall growth uniformly.
- **Option C:** Turner syndrome is another cause of proportionate short stature, where individuals have short stature but normal body proportions.
- **Option D:** Malnutrition can also result in proportionate short stature if it occurs during critical periods of growth and development.
## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key point to remember is that achondroplasia is the most common cause of short-limbed dwarfism and leads to disproportionate short stature, not proportionate short stature. This condition is characterized by a relatively long trunk and short limbs.
## Correct Answer: A. Achondroplasia