**Core Concept**
Pediculosis capitis is a parasitic infestation of the scalp by the human head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis). This condition is characterized by intense itching, especially at night, and is often accompanied by secondary bacterial infections.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the fact that pediculosis capitis is caused by the human head louse, which is a specific species of lice that infests the human scalp. The head louse is a ectoparasite that feeds on human blood and lays eggs in the hair, leading to the characteristic symptoms of pediculosis capitis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe a characteristic of pediculosis capitis. While it is true that pediculosis capitis can cause itching, the statement is too vague and does not specifically relate to the condition.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it describes a symptom of pediculosis capitis, but does not provide any information that is not related to the condition.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it describes a treatment for pediculosis capitis, but does not accurately describe a characteristic of the condition itself.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember when diagnosing pediculosis capitis is that the condition is often accompanied by secondary bacterial infections, such as impetigo or folliculitis, due to the intense scratching and inflammation.

**Correct Answer:** D.