**Core Concept**
Vector-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted to humans through the bite of infected arthropods such as mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and lice. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites and are often prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
To approach this question, we need to identify diseases that are transmitted through vectors. Vector-borne diseases include malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, leishmaniasis, and Lyme disease, among others. Each of these diseases has a specific vector that transmits the pathogen to humans.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it is a vector-borne disease. Lyme disease is transmitted through the bite of infected black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis).

**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it is a vector-borne disease. Leishmaniasis is transmitted through the bite of infected sandflies (Phlebotomus spp.).

**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it is a vector-borne disease. Malaria is transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes (Anopheles spp.).

**Option D:** This option is the correct answer. Meningitis is a bacterial infection of the meninges that can be caused by various pathogens, including Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. It is not transmitted through a vector.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Vector-borne diseases are a significant public health concern worldwide, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and inadequate vector control measures. Recognizing the vectors and transmission routes of these diseases is crucial for prevention and control efforts.

**Correct Answer: D. Meningitis is a bacterial infection of the meninges that can be caused by various pathogens, including Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. It is not transmitted through a vector.**