All are true about Norwalk virus except –
**Core Concept**
The Norwalk virus, also known as Norovirus, is a highly contagious RNA virus that primarily causes acute gastroenteritis, characterized by vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. The virus is highly infectious and can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, contaminated food and water, and close contact with an infected person.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Norwalk virus is a member of the Caliciviridae family and is known for its high rate of transmission, affecting individuals of all ages. The virus attaches to the histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, triggering an inflammatory response and leading to the characteristic symptoms of gastroenteritis. The Norwalk virus is highly resistant to environmental factors, such as heat, cold, and disinfectants, making it challenging to control outbreaks.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Incorrect because Norwalk virus is indeed a highly contagious virus, and its transmission is facilitated by the fecal-oral route.
* **Option B:** Incorrect because Norwalk virus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis, particularly in closed environments such as hospitals, cruise ships, and schools.
* **Option C:** Incorrect because Norwalk virus is not typically associated with long-term consequences, such as chronic diarrhea or malabsorption.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember that Norwalk virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly in closed environments. This is why meticulous hand hygiene, proper sanitation, and isolation of infected individuals are crucial in controlling outbreaks.
**Correct Answer: D.