All are true about Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome except
**Core Concept**
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a life-threatening neurological disorder caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic medications. It is characterized by a combination of fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic dysfunction.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
NMS typically develops within 1-2 weeks of initiating or increasing the dose of an antipsychotic medication. The exact pathophysiology is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an imbalance of dopamine and serotonin neurotransmitters in the brain. The condition can be triggered by medications that block dopamine receptors, particularly D2 receptors, leading to a cascade of events that ultimately result in the clinical manifestations of NMS.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** NMS is not typically associated with **hypotension**; in fact, patients with NMS often present with **tachycardia** and **hypertension** due to autonomic dysfunction.
**Option B:** NMS is not primarily caused by **dyskinesia**; while dyskinesia can be a side effect of long-term antipsychotic use, it is a distinct clinical entity from NMS.
**Option C:** NMS is not typically associated with **seizures** as a primary feature; while seizures can occur in severe cases, they are not a hallmark of the condition.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
NMS is a medical emergency that requires immediate recognition and treatment. Early diagnosis and intervention can significantly improve outcomes, and it is essential to discontinue the offending medication and initiate supportive care, such as hydration and temperature control.
**Correct Answer: D.**