All are seen in papilloedema EXCEPT
**Core Concept**
Papilloedema refers to the swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure, which can be caused by various conditions such as brain tumors, cerebral edema, or idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The key **pathophysiological** mechanism involves the transmission of increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure to the optic nerve head.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Since the actual options are not provided, let's discuss a common exception seen in papilloedema. Typically, papilloedema is characterized by bilateral optic disc swelling. However, certain conditions might not exhibit typical findings, such as **optic atrophy**, which is more associated with optic nerve damage rather than swelling.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Without the specific option, a common incorrect choice might involve a feature that is indeed seen in papilloedema, such as **blurred disc margins**.
**Option B:** Another incorrect option could be **elevated disc**, a direct result of the increased intracranial pressure.
**Option C:** This might include **haemorrhages**, which can occur on the surface of the swollen optic disc.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A crucial point to remember is that papilloedema is often bilateral and can be associated with **visual field defects**, particularly an enlarged blind spot.
**Correct Answer:** D. Optic atrophy