All are seen in cystitis except
**Core Concept**
Cystitis refers to inflammation of the urinary bladder, often caused by bacterial infections. The condition can lead to various symptoms and complications, including urinary frequency, urgency, and pain. In the context of cystitis, the options provided are related to potential complications or associated conditions.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to a condition that is not typically associated with cystitis. Cystitis primarily affects the lower urinary tract and is characterized by inflammation of the bladder mucosa. One of the key features of cystitis is the presence of hematuria, which is the presence of blood in the urine. **Pyelonephritis**, on the other hand, is a bacterial infection of the upper urinary tract, specifically the kidneys, and is not typically seen in cystitis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because hematuria is a common symptom of cystitis, making it an associated condition rather than one that is seen in cystitis.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because dysuria, or painful urination, is a hallmark symptom of cystitis, making it an associated condition rather than one that is seen in cystitis.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because urgency, or the sudden need to urinate, is a common symptom of cystitis, making it an associated condition rather than one that is seen in cystitis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that cystitis can be caused by various factors, including bacterial infections, medication side effects, and anatomical abnormalities. The most common cause of cystitis is Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria.
**Correct Answer: A. Hematuria**