All are recognised features of Tourette’s syndrome, EXCEPT:
## Core Concept
Tourette's syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by recurrent, stereotyped, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics. The diagnosis is based on the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics, which may not necessarily occur at the same time. The syndrome often presents in childhood and can be associated with various comorbidities.
## Why the Correct Answer is Right
The correct answer, ., implies that we are looking for an option that does not belong to the recognized features of Tourette's syndrome. Common features include multiple motor tics, vocal tics, coprolalia (involuntary use of obscene words), echolalia (repeating the words of others), and various behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities.
## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
- **Option A:** This option is not provided, but we can infer that if it described a recognized feature of Tourette's syndrome, it would be incorrect as the question's correct answer.
- **Option B:** Similarly, without the content of Option B, we assume it might describe another feature of Tourette's syndrome, making it an incorrect choice for the exception.
- **Option C:** This option is also not provided, but presumably, it could represent a feature of Tourette's, thus incorrect as the exception.
- **Option D:** Given that . is the correct answer, Option D must describe a feature that is NOT recognized in Tourette's syndrome.
## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key point to remember is that while coprolalia (involuntary use of profanity) is often associated with Tourette's syndrome, it is not a universal feature; only about 10% of patients with Tourette's syndrome exhibit coprolalia. This highlights the variability in presentation among patients.
## Correct Answer: D.