**Question:** All are ‘celsus’ signs of inflammation except:-

A. Increased temperature
B. Increased vascularity
C. Increased oedema
D. Altered sensation

**Core Concept:**

The term "Celsus signs" is derived from the ancient Roman physician, Celsus, who described several clinical signs that are associated with inflammation. These signs are useful in identifying and evaluating inflammatory processes in the body. The Celsus signs include three main manifestations: increased temperature, increased vascularity, and increased oedema.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**

The correct answer, **D. Altered sensation**, is not considered a Celsus sign because it represents a broader category of symptoms rather than a specific physical finding associated with inflammation. Altered sensation includes hypo- and hyperesthesia, and may be present in response to peripheral neuropathies or central nervous system inflammation, but it is not a direct consequence of inflammation in local tissues.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. **Increased temperature (Pyrexia):** Pyrexia is a key Celsus sign indicating systemic inflammation and an elevated body temperature in response to infection or tissue injury.

B. **Increased vascularity (Erythema):** Erythema, or redness, is another characteristic Celsus sign that reflects increased blood flow to inflamed tissues due to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability.

C. **Increased oedema (Edema):** Edema, or swelling, is a clear manifestation of inflammation and results from increased capillary permeability, plasma extravasation, and stasis. It is a typical Celsus sign.

**Clinical Pearl:**

Celsus signs are essential indicators of inflammation, helping clinicians diagnose and assess the severity of inflammatory conditions. Understanding these signs can assist in formulating a proper diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic interventions.