Tumours associated with primary aldosteronism -a) Adrenal adenomab) Adrenal hyperplasiac) Von Hippel-Lindau syndromed) Adrenal carcinoma
**Core Concept**
Primary aldosteronism is characterized by the excessive production of aldosterone, leading to hypertension and hypokalemia. This condition can be caused by various tumours affecting the adrenal glands. The underlying principle being tested is the association between specific tumours and primary aldosteronism.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer includes adrenal adenoma and adrenal hyperplasia, which are common causes of primary aldosteronism. Adrenal adenomas are benign tumours that produce aldosterone, while adrenal hyperplasia involves the bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands, leading to excessive aldosterone production.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option C:** Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is associated with various tumours, including renal cell carcinoma and pheochromocytoma, but it is not a primary cause of primary aldosteronism.
**Option D:** Adrenal carcinoma is a rare cause of primary aldosteronism, but it is not as commonly associated with this condition as adrenal adenoma and hyperplasia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of secondary hypertension, and identifying the underlying tumour is crucial for management.
**Correct Answer:** A. adrenal adenoma and adrenal hyperplasia