Air pollution may cause –
**Core Concept**
Air pollution is a complex mixture of various gases, particles, and other substances released into the atmosphere, which can cause harm to humans, animals, and the environment. The primary sources of air pollution include industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and domestic activities. The effects of air pollution on human health are multifaceted and can be attributed to both short-term and long-term exposure.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Air pollution can cause a range of respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological effects. Particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are two major components of air pollution that can exacerbate existing respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism involves the inhalation of PM and NO2, which triggers an inflammatory response in the lungs, leading to increased mucus production, airway constriction, and bronchospasm. This can result in symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Air pollution may cause cancer. **This is correct** (not listed), but we will not discuss it here.
**Option B:** Air pollution may cause skin rashes. **This is not accurate**, as air pollution primarily affects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, although it can have secondary effects on other systems.
**Option C:** Air pollution may cause deafness. **This is not a direct effect**, although prolonged exposure to certain pollutants may have indirect effects on the auditory system.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that air pollution causes approximately 7 million premature deaths worldwide each year, making it one of the leading causes of death globally.
**Correct Answer:** B. Air pollution may cause skin rashes.