Aggravation of symptoms of angina in a patient when given nitrates is seen in –
**Core Concept**
The aggravation of symptoms of angina in a patient when given nitrates is related to the mechanism of action of nitrates, which cause vasodilation of venous capacitance vessels, leading to a decrease in preload and subsequently a decrease in myocardial oxygen demand. However, in patients with aortic stenosis, the vasodilatory effect of nitrates can lead to a significant increase in left ventricular wall tension, which can worsen angina symptoms.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis, where the narrowing of the aortic valve orifice increases the resistance to left ventricular ejection. When nitrates are administered, they cause a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, which can lead to an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and a subsequent increase in left ventricular wall tension. This increase in wall tension can worsen angina symptoms in patients with aortic stenosis.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not directly related to the aggravation of angina symptoms in patients given nitrates.
**Option B:** This option is not a common cause of aggravation of angina symptoms in patients given nitrates.
**Option C:** This option is not a correct answer, as the aggravation of angina symptoms in patients given nitrates is not typically related to this condition.
**Option D:** This option is not a correct answer, as the aggravation of angina symptoms in patients given nitrates is not typically related to this condition.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
In patients with aortic stenosis, the administration of nitrates can lead to a significant increase in left ventricular wall tension, which can worsen angina symptoms. This is because the narrowing of the aortic valve orifice increases the resistance to left ventricular ejection, making the left ventricle more sensitive to changes in preload.
**Correct Answer:** D. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy