The patient is being administered i.v. quinine following which he developed restlessness and sweating, the most likely cause is :
**Core Concept**
Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria, but it can also cause side effects due to its mechanism of action as a cardiac glycoside and its effect on the central nervous system. The side effects seen in the patient are likely due to the stimulation of the central nervous system.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the stimulation of the central nervous system by quinine. Quinine works by inhibiting the sodium channels in the nerves, leading to an increase in the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, acetylcholine, and serotonin. This increase in neurotransmitters can cause symptoms such as restlessness, sweating, and anxiety. The stimulation of the central nervous system is a well-known side effect of quinine and is often seen in patients who are administered the medication.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is not related to the side effects of quinine and is therefore incorrect.
* **Option B:** This option is not a known side effect of quinine and is therefore incorrect.
* **Option C:** This option is not a direct cause of the symptoms seen in the patient and is therefore incorrect.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Quinine can also cause hypoglycemia as a side effect due to its effect on the release of insulin from the pancreas. This is an important consideration when administering quinine to patients, especially those with diabetes.
**Correct Answer:** C. Cinchonism.