**Core Concept**
The Bohr effect describes the relationship between the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the binding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. However, in this context, we're dealing with the impact of hyperbaric conditions on oxygen transport in the blood. The concept of oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve and the influence of ambient pressure on oxygen partial pressure is crucial.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In hyperbaric conditions, the ambient pressure is increased to 4 ATA. This results in a higher partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in the alveoli. According to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, an increase in pO2 shifts the curve to the left, indicating a higher affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. As a result, more oxygen is bound to hemoglobin. In 100 ml of blood, the additional amount of oxygen transported under hyperbaric conditions can be calculated using the concept of oxygen-carrying capacity.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option B:** This option might seem plausible, but it's incorrect because the Bohr effect primarily deals with the influence of CO2 on oxygen-hemoglobin binding, not the effect of hyperbaric conditions.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because the Bohr effect does not account for the increase in oxygen partial pressure in the alveoli under hyperbaric conditions.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve shifts to the left in conditions with increased pH (alkalosis) or decreased temperature, resulting in improved oxygen delivery to tissues. Conversely, a shift to the right occurs in conditions with decreased pH (acidosis) or increased temperature, leading to reduced oxygen delivery.

**Correct Answer: C. The additional amount of oxygen transported is directly proportional to the increase in partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli under hyperbaric conditions.**