Active form of Vitamin D is: March 2011, March 2013 (a, e, g)
## **Core Concept**
The active form of Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and bone health. Vitamin D undergoes two hydroxylation reactions in the body to become biologically active. The final active form plays a significant role in regulating calcium and phosphate levels.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (Calcitriol)**, is the hormonally active metabolite of vitamin D. Its synthesis involves two steps: first, vitamin D is converted to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in the liver, and then this metabolite is converted to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the kidneys by the enzyme **1-alpha-hydroxylase**. Calcitriol acts on the intestine, bone, and kidneys to maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A: 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol** is incorrect because, although it is a major circulating form of vitamin D and a good indicator of vitamin D status, it is not the active form.
- **Option B: Ergosterol** is incorrect because it is a precursor to vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) found in plants and fungi, not the active form of vitamin D in humans.
- **Option D: Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)** is incorrect because, while it is one of the forms of vitamin D obtained from the skin upon sunlight exposure and from dietary sources, it requires hydroxylation to become active.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that **1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol (Calcitriol)** is not only crucial for bone health but also has roles in cell differentiation and immune function. Its deficiency can lead to conditions like rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
## **Correct Answer: C. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol.**