**Core Concept**
Mahler's theory of child development focuses on the psychological aspects of growth, emphasizing the process of separation and individuation. This theory outlines how children progress through distinct phases, developing their sense of identity and autonomy. The concept is rooted in **psychoanalytic theory** and observes the child's interaction with their environment.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Mahler's theory proposes that the period of childhood is divided into several key phases, including the **normal autistic phase**, **normal symbiotic phase**, **separation-individuation phase**, and **rapprochement phase**. These phases are characterized by the child's gradual development of independence and self-awareness, influenced by interactions with primary caregivers. Understanding these phases is crucial for assessing child development and identifying potential psychological issues.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This choice is incorrect because it does not accurately represent the phases outlined in Mahler's theory.
**Option B:** Similarly, this option does not align with Mahler's proposed stages of child development.
**Option C:** This choice is also incorrect as it fails to reflect the specific phases described by Mahler.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that Mahler's theory emphasizes the importance of the **mother-child relationship** in shaping the child's psychological development. Recognizing the stages of separation and individuation can help clinicians identify and address developmental issues early on.

**Correct Answer:** D. normal autistic, normal symbiotic, separation-individuation, and rapprochement phases.