Which of the following muscle is not involved in damage of craninal part of accessory nerve?
**Core Concept**
The cranial part of the accessory nerve (CN XI) has a unique course, innervating the muscles of the soft palate and pharynx. This nerve arises from the nucleus ambiguus, a group of neurons located in the medulla oblongata, and joins the vagus nerve (CN X) to form the pharyngeal plexus.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is because the accessory nerve has two parts: cranial and spinal. The cranial part is responsible for innervating the muscles of the soft palate (tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, and palatopharyngeus) and the pharynx (stylopharyngeus). However, the damage to the cranial part of the accessory nerve will not affect the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, which are innervated by the spinal part of the accessory nerve.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Sternocleidomastoid - Incorrect because the sternocleidomastoid muscle is innervated by the spinal part of the accessory nerve.
**Option B:** Trapezius - Incorrect because the trapezius muscle is innervated by the spinal part of the accessory nerve.
**Option C:** Palatopharyngeus - Incorrect because the palatopharyngeus muscle is indeed innervated by the cranial part of the accessory nerve.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember the dual innervation of the accessory nerve, as damage to the cranial part can lead to symptoms such as hoarseness, dysphagia, and difficulty articulating words, while damage to the spinal part can lead to weakness or paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.
**Correct Answer:** D (Palatopharyngeus is not the best answer but the question seems to be incomplete, assuming the options were not provided)