Acanthosis nigricans is associated with?
**Core Concept**
Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition characterized by dark, velvety skin patches, typically in the folds and creases of the body. It is associated with insulin resistance and is often seen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Acanthosis nigricans is caused by insulin resistance, which leads to increased insulin levels. Insulin binds to insulin receptors on keratinocytes, stimulating the production of growth factors that promote skin cell growth and proliferation. This results in the characteristic skin thickening and hyperpigmentation.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Acanthosis nigricans is not typically associated with hypothyroidism. While hypothyroidism can cause skin changes, it is more commonly associated with dry skin, hair loss, and cold intolerance.
**Option B:** Acanthosis nigricans is not a sign of good health or normal glucose metabolism. It is actually a marker of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.
**Option C:** Acanthosis nigricans is not a rare condition, but it is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. It is relatively common in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Acanthosis nigricans is a "marker of the metabolic syndrome," which includes insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Remembering this association can help you identify patients at risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
**Correct Answer:** D. Insulin resistance.