A patient with a perceptional disorder is able to see an object without any external stimulus. This phenomenon is known as:
Correct Answer: Hallucination
Description: Ans: B (Hallucination) Ref: Kaplan and Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 9th editionExplanationPsychiatric symptoms can be approached as per computer model of mind which divides mind into three components -1. Input (sensation and perception).2. Output (speech and motor activity).3. Central processor (comprising Consciousness, Cognition and Feelings).Perceptual problems are two:1. Illusion - Where a person perceives an object as a different one. For example, perceiving rope as a snake.2. Hallucination - Where one perceives an object when there is nothing i.e., no external stimulus at all (as in the question).* Both illusion and hallucination have sub-types, based on the modality.1. Visual2. Auditory3. Gustatory4. Olfactory5. Tactile6. Others.IllusionCan be a normal phenomena like:o Falling asleepo Waking from sleepo Fatigue stateso Grief reactionIllusion can be abnormal as in:o Deliriumo Acute stress reactiono Post-traumatic stress disorderMay be a prelude to hallucination.HallucinationRarely can be a normal phenomena:o Hypnogogic (while falling asleep)o Hypnopompic (waking from sleep)Mostly, it is a clear indication of abnormality and refers to a psychotic state unless proved otherwise.The type of hallucination, its content and other characteristic serve to differentiate psychiatric syndromes.Visual Hallucinations.Suggests organic pathology.Seen in:o Deliriumo Fronto-temporai dementiao Diffuse Lewy body disease (DLB)o Schizophrenia:Auditory Hallucinations ( AH)Most common typeSeen ino Deliriumo Dementiao Substance-induced psychosiso Schizophreniao Acute and transient psychotic disorder (ATPD)o Psychosis NOSo Maniao DepressionThird person AH, commanding AH, commentary AH- Schneider's first rank symptoms S/O Schizophrenia.Gustatoryo Dementia o Brain tumorso Schizophreniao DepressionOlfactory Hallucinationso Dementiao Frontal lobe tumorso Schizophreniao DepressionTactile Hallucinationso Deliriumo Substance withdrawal states (cocaine bugs, alcohol related delirium tremens)o Schizophrenia.Also Note:Pseudo-HallucinationThis term is used in two scenarios:o When the person says the stimulus is in his inner spac&'mind.o When he has insight (says he is abnormal and its only he is able to perceive not others- a situation occurs rarely!}.If the question included clauses such as "sees in his mental space or Tie appreciates that others can't see what he sees'.It occurs as a prelude of hallucination, when psychosis subsides (with treatment) and in some cases of dissociative disorders.DelusionIt is a problem of thought (cognition).It is a false belief.
Category:
Psychiatry
Get More
Subject Mock Tests
Practice with over 200,000 questions from various medical subjects and improve your knowledge.
Attempt a mock test nowMock Exam
Take an exam with 100 random questions selected from all subjects to test your knowledge.
Coming SoonGet More
Subject Mock Tests
Try practicing mock tests with over 200,000 questions from various medical subjects.
Attempt a mock test now