The patient probably has actinomycosis. These laboratory data are not uncommon. There is no reason to work up all the contaminating bacteria. A fluorescent microscopy test for A. israelii is available. If positive, the FA provides a rapid diagnosis. In any event, it may be impossible to recover A. israelii from such a specimen. High-dose penicillin has been used to treat actinomycosis. One of the options suggests no further clinical work-up on the patients be done. Clearly, laboratory results may help the clinician make patient management decisions but each of these three cases show that physicians need to have a good understanding that laboratory tests may give conflicting information for the patient being treated. The physician must help the laboratory to understand how to use the data produced to give the patient the best possible medical care. Antibiotic sensitivity tests today are mostly automated and reliable. If a repeat is needed, a new blood sample should be drawn for the new test.