A HIV mother delivers a baby All are true, except –
Correct Answer: Risk of HIV in the baby is upto 90%
Description: Ans. is 'a' i.e., Risk of HIV in baby is upto 90% The probability of transmission of HIV from mother to infant/fetus ranges from 15 to 25% in industrialized countries and from 25 to 35% in developing countries. It never reaches 90%. Transmission of HIV 1. Sexual transmission . Most common mode of transmission. . Most common mode of infection is heterosexual transmission. . Anal intercourse > vaginal intercourse > oral sex . Male to female transmission > female to male transmission. 2. Blood and blood products . Whole blood, packed RBCs, platelets, leukocytes and plasma all can transmit the infection. . Hyperimmune gammaglobulin, hepatitis B immune globulin, plasma derived hepatitis B vaccine and Rh immune globulin are not associated with transmission. . Fresh frozen plasma or clotting factors can also transmit the infection. . Other modes are: - Aificial insemination (by semen) - Organ transplantation - Intravenous drug abuse 3. Occupational transmission . Due to exposure with needles or other sharp medical instruments. 4. Maternal-fetal / infant transmission Probability of transmission of HIV from mother to infant/fetus ranges from 15 to 25% in industrialized countries and from 25 to 35% in developing countries. . HIV can be transmitted from mother to fetus/infant in the following ways : a)In utero (During pregnancy) b)During delivery (Perinatal) Most common c)After bih by breast feeding Least common. . First - born twin is more commonly infected than the second twin. . Cesarean section results in decrease transmission to the infant. . Vit. A deficiency increases the risk of transmission. . The major risk factor of transmission is the presence of high maternal level of plasma viremia. 5. Other less common modes of transmission . Human bite . From infected children to mother during breast feeding. There is some confusion regarding choice B. The definitive diagnosis of HIV injection in children born to HIV infected mother is difficult because infected mothers transmit IgG Ab to the newborn transplacentally. Children born to infected mothers are usually Ab positive at bih but only 15-30% are actually infected. . These antibodies remain at significant level until 18 months. IgG Ab test are not reliable indicators of infection status in a child before 18 months. . But now tests are available that can diagnose definite HIV infection even in new born . These are: . Detection of P24 Antigen . EL1SA for detection of IgA& IgM. . PCR to detect viral nucleic acid in peripheral blood.
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