Primary infeility affects 15-20% of married couples. Apa from case history and physical examination, endocrine profile and semen analysis are essential to disclose the underlying cause. The testes have two distinct but related functions, both of which are under adenohypophyseal and hypothalamic control. The first one is the production and storage of ble spermatozoa, and the second one is the synthesis and secretion of androgenic hormones. Various factors that can induce sterility in men are: trauma, infections like mumps, environmental factors like excessive heat, medications, and drugs. Because of the failure of testes to descend into the scrotum, seminiferous tubules remain infantile in structure and due to greater temperature of the inguinal canal, they degenerate. However, the secondary sexual characteristics are not affected. Ref: Hoffman B.L., Schorge J.O., Schaffer J.I., Halvorson L.M., Bradshaw K.D., Cunningham F.G., Calver L.E. (2012). Chapter 20. Treatment of the Infeile Couple. In B.L. Hoffman, J.O. Schorge, J.I. Schaffer, L.M. Halvorson, K.D. Bradshaw, F.G. Cunningham, L.E. Calver (Eds), Williams Gynecology, 2e.