A 21-year-old woman presents with a 2-day history of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. On examination, her blood pressure is 100/70 mmHg, pulse 100/min, JVP is below sternal angle, and abdomen is diffusely tender. Her urine output is low and electrolytes reveal elevated urea and normal creatinine.For the above patient with AKI, select the characteristic urine electrolyte and microscopy findings.
Correct Answer: urinary sodium < 20
Description: In prerenal AKI (ie, no histologic damage), the urinalysis reveals only hyaline casts. The urine sodium is low (< 20), the urinary osmolality is high (> 500), and the fractional excretion of sodium is < 1.
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