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15124 Medicine

All of the following statements are true regarding multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) except?

AThe "two-hit" model proposes that secondary MODS may be produced when even a relatively minor second insult reactivates, in a more amplified form, the systemic inflammatory response that was primed by an initial insult to the host.
BThe systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), shock due to sepsis or SIRS, and MODS may be regarded as a continuum of illness severity.
CProlonged stimulation or activation of Kupffer cells in the liver is thought to be a critical factor in the sustained, uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators.
DThe incidence of MODS in intensive care units has decreased owing to increased awareness, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.
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15126 Medicine

A 47 year old man presents to the hospital complaining of palpitations. The patient repos that while cooking breakfast this morning, he felt his hea “racing in his chest” and was unable to catch his breath. He states that sitting down brought no relief. He called for an ambulance and he was brought to the emergency depament. The man has no significant past medical history and takes no medications regularly, other than ranitidine for occasional heaburn. On examination, the patient is quite thin, but well developed and in mild distress. His globes appear exophthalmic. His pulse is 140/min and irregularly irregular. There are no murmurs, and the lung examination is clear. A non-tender midline thyroid mass is palpable. Which of the following findings on his echocardiogram would suggest a diagnosis of long- standing atrial fibrillation?

ADilated left ventricle
BDilated right ventricle
CEnlarged left atrium
DHyperophied ventricular septum
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