Principles of condensation for direct filling gold include all of the following except:
Correct Answer: Forces of condensation should be 90◦ to the cavity walls and floors
Description: Principles of condensation
The unique thing about direct gold materials and restorations is that certain principles must be strictly followed to arrive at a successful restoration. Any deviation from such principles leads to immediate failure. These essential condensation principles are as follows:
The forces of condensation must be at 45o to cavity walls and floors. In other words, they should bisect line angles and trisect point angles. This leads to the maximum adaptation of gold against walls, floors, line, and point angles, with minimal irritation to the vital pulp-dentin organ.
Forces of condensation must be directed at 90o to previously condensed gold. This avoids shear components that can displace or loosen the already condensed pieces of gold.
Whenever condensing a piece of direct gold, always start at a point on one side and proceed in a straight line to another point on the opposite side, then back to the original side on a different straight line, also starting at and arriving to a specific point. This ensures that the condenser has covered the entire surface of that piece of gold. During these disciplined movements, the condenser should overlap at least ¼ of the previously condensed area. This further assures that each portion of the gold increment has been welded and cold worked and cold worked and that there are no voids present. This process, called “stepping” ensures the maximal adaptation of the gold to the cavity walls.
Use the minimal thickness of pellet possible, provided that the condensers will not penetrate it. The thinner that the cross-section of each increment is, the easier will be the fulfillment of the objectives of condensation.
Energy of condensation - Energy used in condensing direct gold restorations should only be dissipated in fulfilling the objectives of condensation.
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