Most common causative organism involved in infections of post-kidney transplantation is
Correct Answer: Cytomegalovirus
Description: (C) Cytomegalovirus[?]CYTOMEGALOVIRUSES (CMV)oIn the immunocompromised host, CMV can cause severe and even fatal infections.oThis occurs in transplant recipients, cancer patients on chemotherapy, and more particularly in the HIV infected.oCMV is an important pathogen in AIDS.oIn AIDS patients, the already weakened immune response is further damaged by the nonspecific CMI inhibiting effect of CMVoOne of the glycoproteins on the surface of CMV acts as a receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin molecules. This leads to masking of the virus by attachment of irrelevant immunoglobulin molecules, preventing access to specific anti-CMV antibody.oIntrauterine infection leads to fetal death or cytomegalic inclusion disease of the newborn which is often fatal.oThis is a generalised infection associated with hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic anemia.oThe cytomegalic inclusion disease is probably the most important cause of microcephaly.oOther manifestations include chorioretinitis and cerebral calcification resembling congenital toxoplasmosisoSurvivors may show mental retardation.oCytomegalic inclusion disease is seen almost exclusively in infants born to mothers developing primary CMV infection during pregnancy.oInfants of mothers who have CMV reactivation during pregnancy tend to have chronic subclinical infection.oPerinatal infection may be acquired from the infected mother through genital secretions or breast milk.oCytomegalovirus disease is rare but infection with the virus is extremely common.oAs with herpes simplex the large majority of infections are inapparent, leading to prolonged latency, with occasional reactivation.oClinical disease may be caused by either intrauterine or postnatal infections.Other Options[?]Epstein Barr virus infection may lead to the following clinical conditions:oInfectious mononucleosis.oEBV associated malignancies:-Burkitt's lymphoma.-Lymphomas in immunodeficient persons such as AIDS patients and transplant recipients.-Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in persons of Chinese origin.[?]Klebsiella pneumonia is a serious disease with high case fatality.-It occurs in middle aged or older persons who have medical problems such as alcoholism, chronic bronchopulmonary disease or diabetes mellitus.-The disease is characterized by massive mucoid inflammatory exudate of lobar or lobular distribution, involving one or more lobes of the lung.-Necrosis and abscess formation are more frequent than in pneumococcal pneumonia.-Serotypes 1, 2 and 3 are usually responsible for pneumonia.-Positive blood cultures can be obtained in about 25% of the cases.-K. pneumoniae is a frequent cause of urinary infection.-As most strains are resistant to antibiotics, treatment poses serious problems.-It also causes pyogenic infections such as abscesses, meningitis and septicemia.[?]Herpes Virus-Herpes simplex virus 1 & 2 (HSV-1 & HSV-2) cause mucocutaneous vesicular & ulcerative lesions of the gums & lips (usually HSV-1) & genitals (usually HSV-2)
Category:
Microbiology
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